Arab Spring: Causes, Goals, Methods and Result

Arab Spring

Date: 17 December 2010 – December 2012
Location: North Africa, Middle East, Arab world

Causes

Authoritarianism
Demographic structural factors
2000s energy crisis
Political corruption
Human rights violations
Inflation
Kleptocracy
Sectarianism
Unemployment
Self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi

Goals

Democracy
Free elections
Economic freedom
Human rights
Employment
Regime change
Freedom of religion

Methods

Civil disobedience
Civil resistance
Defection
Demonstrations
Insurgency
Internet activism
Protest camps
Revolution
Riots
Self-immolation
Silent protests
Sit-ins
Social Media
Strike actions
Urban warfare
Uprising

Result

Tunisia: President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali ousted, charged, exiled and government overthrown.
Egypt: President Hosni Mubarak ousted, arrested, charged, and government overthrown.
Libya: Leader Muammar Gaddafi killed following a civil war that saw a foreign military intervention, and government overthrown.
Yemen: President Ali Abdullah Saleh ousted, and power handed to a national unity government.
Syria: President Bashar al-Assad faces civil uprising against his rule that deteriorates into armed rebellion and eventual full-scale civil war.
Bahrain: Civil uprising against the government crushed by authorities and Saudi-led intervention.
Kuwait, Lebanon and Oman: Government changes implemented in response to protests.
Morocco and Jordan: Constitutional reforms implemented in response to protests.
Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Mauritania, and other Arab countries: Protests